Two Dimension Echocardiography in Normal Buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis)

ESSENTIALS OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY #1 Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in the Normal Heart

From its introduction in 1954 to the mid 1970’s, most echocardiographic studies employed a technique called M-mode, in which the ultrasound beam is aimed manually at selected cardiac structures to give a graphic recording of their positions and movements. M-mode recordings permit measurement of cardiac dimensions and detailed analysis of complex motion patterns depending on transducer angulatio...

Echocardiography in the normal neonate.

Three-dimensional echocardiography of normal and pathologic mitral valve: a comparison with two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.

OBJECTIVES This study was done to ascertain whether three-dimensional echocardiography can facilitate the diagnosis of mitral valve abnormalities. BACKGROUND The value of the additional information provided by three-dimensional echocardiography compared with two-dimensional multiplane transesophageal echocardiography for evaluation of the mitral valve apparatus has not been assessed. METHOD...

Study of Cardiac Parameters by Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography in Normal Healthy Markhoz Goat

Objective- The aim of this study was to test the repeatability, the variability, and to establish the reference values of PW measurements in healthy Markhoz goats.Design- Retrospective study.Animals- 20 female Markhoz goats.Procedure- Using a standardized PW Doppler echocardiographic protocol, 20healthy adult unsedated female Markhoz goats were investigated three times at one-...

Local Dimension of Normal Spaces

Introduction LET dim-X be the covering dimension of a space X and let ind X and Ind X be the dimensions defined inductively in terms of the boundaries of neighbourhoods of points and closed sets respectively. The local dimension loo dim X is the least number n such that every point has a closed neighbourhood U with dim U ^ n. The local inductive dimension locIndX is defined analogously, while i...